The international economy is experiencing rapid and far-reaching structural change. Across the globe, regions are striving to understand how to make better use of their existing competitive advantages to position themselves for success in the emerging economic environment. In North America, economic and community success is increasingly based on knowledge, creativity and innovation, where higher education and skills training are basic requirements. Economic output world-wide has moderated as a result of financial market uncertainty and restructuring of economic sectors. As Ontario and most countries around the world face a time of economic uncertainty and fiscal pressure, planning will first need to focus on ways to use existing investments and assets much more effectively. To prepare for an evolving future, it will be critical to have a long-range plan for Northern Ontario - one that is both visionary and fiscally sustainable.