Family income, parenting styles and child behavioural-emotional outcomes

In this paper, we first provide estimates of a conventional model of the effects of income and other socio-economic variables on the behavioural and emotional well being of children and then take a series of steps to assess the validity of those estimates. [...] The questions used in the construction of the behavioural-emotional scores are presented in appendix A. The aggregate score is the sum of the scores for four problem areas each of which represents the sum of scores received on the answers to five to eight questions. [...] The age of the child has a significantly negative coefficient in the case of the parent scores but not for the teacher scores. [...] The lone mother coefficients were smaller than the estimates of Table 3 in the case of teacher scores (0.17) and parent scores (0.14), and larger than the estimates of Table 3 in the case of self-reported scores (0.21) 4.2 Fixed Effects Models The first of our alternative estimation strategies is the fixed effects model. [...] The parenting style variables have the expected results in the majority of cases in the child-specific model in Table 4. In this model, the coefficients for positive parenting are significantly negative for both scores and substantially larger for the teacher score than in Table 3. Hostile parenting still has the largest effect of the parenting variables but the coefficients are markedly smaller i