A Legacy of Caring : A History of the Children's Aid Society of Toronto

Table of Contents

• Table of Contents 8
• Acknowledgments 14
• Foreword 16
• Chapter 1: The Infants Home, 1875–1890 18
• The development of social services in nineteenth-century Toronto 18
• Baby farms 22
• The founding of the Infants' Home 23
• Staffing 26
• Medical care 27
• Admissions and discharges 28
• Breast-feeding 30
• Life at the Infants Home 32
• Advocacy and community development 33
• Funding 34
• Chapter 2: A Society to Protect Children, 1891–1919 36
• John Joseph Kelso 36
• Kelso's campaign against child labour 37
• The Humane Society of Toronto is established 38
• Children's Protection Act, 1888 40
• The origins of the children's aid movement 41
• The founding of the Children's Aid Society of Toronto 42
• John Kidson MacDonald 43
• The Children's Charter 44
• Kelso as superintendent of neglected and dependent children 44
• The children's shelter 46
• Life at the shelter 48
• "It is less expensive to save children than to punish criminals" 49
• Summer camp 51
• Substitute family care 52
• Managing the work 56
• Funding the work 60
• Conflict and concern 62
• Chapter 3: The Growth of Professionalism, 1920–1939 66
• Life in early-twentieth-century Toronto 66
• Vera Moberly 69
• Institutional care to boarding home care 70
• The closing of the Infants' Home shelter 73
• Stable funding for the Infants' Home 74
• Reform at the CAS 75
• John Kidson MacDonald resigns 76
• Bob Mills 76
• "From a jail to a home" 77
• Administrative restructuring 78
• The move to Charles and Isabella streets 79
• Protection work 80
• The development of boarding home care at the CAS 82
• Financial stability 85
• The Infants' Home's work with unmarried mothers 87
• Adoption Act, 1921 90
• The end of the Kelso era 92
• Chapter 4: War and its Aftermath, 1940–1949 96
• Canada at war 96
• British "war guests" 98
• "Our boys in the King's Forces" 100
• Services to soldiers' families 101
• Post-war staffing challenges 103
• Foster home shortage and a new Receiving Centre 104
• Retirements of Vera Moberly and Bob Mills 105
• Belle Carver and Stewart Sutton 107
• Chapter 5: Amalgamation and Growth, 1950–1964 108
• Toronto at mid-century 108
• Amalgamation of CAS and Infants' Homes 111
• The challenges posed by amalgamation 113
• A new Child Welfare Centre 114
• Expansion to the suburbs 117
• Stewart Sutton resigns 118
• Lloyd Richardson 119
• Child Welfare Act, 1954 120
• "Changing the course of human life" 122
• Protection work 123
• Work with unmarried parents 125
• Adoption 126
• Foster family and group home care 129
• Institutional care 131
• The Receiving Centre 133
• Moberly House 135
• The society's busiest year 137
• Chapter 6: The Golden Years, 1965–1977 140
• Toronto in the 1960s and 1970s 140
• The role of children's aid societies 142
• Child Welfare Act, 1965 144
• The agency reorganizes 145
• Prevention and early intervention 146
• Family services 147
• Community development 149
• Homemaker service 151
• Alternate care 152
• Services to youth 153
• Child abuse and neglect 155
• Services to children in care 156
• Homefinding 156
• Foster family care 159
• Foster Parent Association 161
• Residences 163
• Adoption 165
• Medical services 167
• Volunteers 168
• Lloyd Richardson retires and is succeeded by Ed Watson 169
• Pressures for accountability, productivity and efficiency 170
• The society's response to provincial expectations 172
• Union certification 175
• A birthday celebration 176
• Ed Watson resigns 177
• Chapter 7: Improving the System, 1978–1988 178
• Toronto in the 1980s 178
• The death of Vicky Ellis 180
• The difficulties of protecting children 183
• Making it easier to protect children 185
• Child Welfare Act, 1978 186
• Doug Barr 187
• Child and Family Services Act, 1984 188
• A CAS Foundation to prevent child abuse 191
• The High Risk Infant Program 193
• Sexual abuse 195
• Adoption 11
• The changing role of foster parents 201
• Advocacy 202
• Multiculturalism 203
• Accountability 206
• Cost cutting 211
• Doug Barr resigns 212
• Mel Finlay 215
• The unionized staff go on strike 217
• Mel Finlay resigns 218
• Foster parent slowdown 219
• Pape Adolescent Resource Centre 221
• Innovation and leadership 222
• Chapter 8: Recession and Reform, 1989–1998 224
• Toronto in the 1990s 224
• Bruce Rivers 227
• Metro CAS in the Nineties 228
• Funding and service challenges of the early 1990s 230
• Early intervention and prevention 233
• Primary prevention through community development 235
• Community partnerships 237
• Young people at risk: homeless and runaway youth 238
• Young people at risk: lesbian, gay and bisexual youth 240
• Child welfare practice in a diverse community 242
• Growing up in care 244
• Continuity of Care 246
• Fostering for Metro CAS 248
• Adoption in the 1990s 251
• Volunteering at Metro CAS 253
• Looking back to the past and forward to the future 255
• A new direction for the CAS Foundation 256
• Child Mortality Task Force 260
• The deaths of Shanay Johnson and Jennifer Koval's'kyj-England Child Welfare Reform 261
• Epilogue 268
• Appendix 1: Names by which the Agency Has Been Known 276
• Appendix 2: Presidents and Chief Executive Officers 277
• Appendix 3: Administrative Offices and Shelters 279
• Appendix 4: Bibliography and a Note on Sources 280
• Index 286
• A 286
• B 286
• C 286
• D 287
• E 287
• F 287
• G 287
• H 287
• I 288
• J 288
• K 288
• L 288
• M 288
• N 288
• O 288
• P 288
• Q 289
• R 289
• S 289
• T 289
• U 289
• V 289
• W 289
• Y 289
• Z 289