The paper offers an overview of the UN Protocol and critically analyses Canada’s efforts in the three key areas of the Protocol: prevention of human trafficking, protection of trafficking victims and the prosecution of traffickers. [...] The first section of this paper describes the policies and programs adopted by the Canadian government in fulfilment of its commitments as a signatory of the Protocol, examining the specific measures taken by the Canadian government as a means to prevent trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute perpetrators. [...] As was documented in our previous research report, Canada was heavily involved in the negotiations leading to the adoption of the UN Trafficking and Smuggling Protocols, with the participation of representatives from the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), Status of Women Canada (SWC). [...] In Article 2, the overall purposes of the protocol are stated as being (a) the prevention and combat of trafficking in persons, (b) protection and assistance to the victims and (c) the promotion of cooperation among State Parties. [...] In the spring of 2004, the federal Minister of Justice formalized the role of the IWGTIP for the first time.