“I am going to tell you how we are treated. I am always hungry.” — Edward B., a student at Onion Lake School (1923)“[I]f I were appointed by the Dominion Government for the express purpose of spreading tuberculosis, there is nothing finer in existance that the average Indian residential school.” — N. Walker, Indian Affairs Superintendent (1948)For over 100 years, thousands of Aboriginal children passed through the Canadian residential school system. Begun in the 1870s, it was intended, in the words of government officials, to bring these children into the “circle of civilization,” the results, however, were far different. More often, the schools provided an inferior education in an atmosphere of neglect, disease, and often abuse.Using previously unreleased government documents, historian John S. Milloy provides a full picture of the history and reality of the residential school system. He begins by tracing the ideological roots of the system, and follows the paper trail of internal memoranda, reports from field inspectors, and letters of complaint. In the early decades, the system grew without planning or restraint. Despite numerous critical commissions and reports, it persisted into the 1970s, when it transformed itself into a social welfare system without improving conditions for its thousands of wards. A National Crime shows that the residential system was chronically underfunded and often mismanaged, and documents in detail and how this affected the health, education, and well-being of entire generations of Aboriginal children.
Authors
- Bibliography, etc. Note
- Includes bibliographical references and index
- Control Number Identifier
- CaOOCEL
- Dewey Decimal Classification Number
- 371.829/97071
- Dewey Decimal Edition Number
- 21
- General Note
- Issued as part of the desLibris books collection
- Geographic Area Code
- n-cn---
- ISBN
- 0887551661 9780887553035
- LCCN
- E96.5
- LCCN Item number
- M54 1999eb
- Modifying agency
- CaBNVSL
- Original cataloging agency
- CaMWU
- Physical Description | Extent
- 1 electronic text (xix, 402 p., [10] p. of plates)
- Published in
- Canada
- Publisher or Distributor Number
- CaOOCEL
- Rights
- Access restricted to authorized users and institutions
- System Control Number
- (CaBNVSL)thg00601181 (OCoLC)226376173 (CaOOCEL)412934
- System Details Note
- Mode of access: World Wide Web
- Transcribing agency
- CaOONL
Table of Contents
- Cover 1
- Contents 6
- Preface 8
- Acknowledgements 10
- Introduction 12
- Part 1 – Vision: The Circle of Civilized Conditions 22
- 1 The Tuition of Thomas Moore 24
- 2 The Imperial Heritage, 1830 to 1879 32
- 3 The Founding Vision of Residential School Education, 1879 to 1920 44
- Part 2 – Reality: The System at Work, 1879 to 1946 70
- 4 "A National Crime": Building and Managing the System, 1879 to 1946 72
- 5 "The Charge of Manslaughter": Disease and Death, 1879 to 1946 98
- 6 "We Are Going to Tell You How We Are Treated": Food and Clothing, 1879 to 1946 130
- 7 The Parenting Presumption: Neglect and Abuse 160
- 8 Teaching and Learning, 1879 to 1946 188
- Part 3 – Integration and Guardianship, 1946 to 1986 218
- 9 Integration for Closure: 1946 to 1986 220
- 10 Persistence: The Struggle for Closure 242
- 11 Northern and Arctic Assimilation 270
- 12 The Failure of Guardianship: Neglect and Abuse, 1946 to 1986 290
- Epilogue: Beyond Closure, 1992 to 1998 326
- Appendix 338
- Notes 340
- References 411
- Index 420
- A 420
- B 420
- C 421
- D 423
- E 424
- F 424
- G 425
- H 425
- I 426
- J 426
- K 426
- L 426
- M 427
- N 428
- O 428
- P 429
- Q 429
- R 429
- S 430
- T 432
- U 432
- V 432
- W 432
- Y 433
