Towards a sanctuary province : Policies, programs, and services for illegalized immigrants' equitable employment, social participation, and economic development

The next section of this paper provides important background information on the illegalization of immigrants in Canada and the impacts of these immigrants’ labour market situation. [...] In the subsequent section, we discuss potential policies, programs, and practices available to provinces and territories to mitigate the problem of illegalization. [...] In 2003, however, the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) was created to ensure “the security and prosperity of Canada by managing the access of people and goods to and from Canada.” (CBSA, 2010, np). [...] The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations (UN) adopted Conventions in 1975 and 1991, respectively, to extend labour and employment rights to illegalized immigrant workers. [...] The ILO’s Convention concerning Migrations in Abusive Conditions and the Promotion of Equality of Opportunity and Treatment of Migrant Workers (1975) advocates for the equality of treatment for the undocumented migrant worker and his or her family with respect to rights arising out of past employment in regards to remuneration, social security and other benefits (Bihari, 2011; Bosniak, 1991).